LUMBANI:
Lumbinī (Nepali and Sanskrit: लुम्बिनी About this soundlisten (help·info), "the stunning") is a Buddhist journey site in the Rupandehi District of Province No. 5 in Nepal. It is where, as per Buddhist custom, Queen Mahamayadevi brought forth Siddhartha Gautama in 563 BCE.[1][2] Gautama, who accomplished Enlightenment some time around 528 BCE,[3][4] turned into the Buddha and established Buddhism.[5][6][7] Lumbini is one of numerous magnets for journey that jumped up in places crucial to the life of the Buddha.
Lumbini has various more established sanctuaries, including the Mayadevi Temple, and different new sanctuaries, supported by Buddhist associations from different nations, have been finished or are still under development. Numerous landmarks, cloisters and an exhibition hall, and the Lumbini International Research Institute are likewise inside the sacred site. Likewise, there is the Puskarini, or Holy Pond, where the Buddha's mom took the custom plunge before his introduction to the world and where he had his first shower. At different destinations close Lumbini, prior Buddhas were, as indicated by custom, conceived, at that point accomplished extreme Enlightenment lastly surrendered their natural structures.
Lumbini was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997.[1][2]
Contents
1 In Buddha's time
2 Pillar of Ashoka
2.1 Excavation at the Mayadevi Temple in 2013
3 Present-day
4 On the Nepali rupee
5 Transport
6 Places to visit in Lumbini
7 New Hotel Construction in Lumbini
8 Foreign visitors (2012–2014)
9 Gallery
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 Bibliography
14 External links
In Buddha's time:
In the Buddha's time, Lumbini was arranged in east of Kapilavastu and southwest Devadaha of Shakya, an oligarchic republic.[8][9] According to Buddhist custom, it was there, that the Buddha was born.[10] A column found at Rupandehi in 1896 is accepted to stamp the spot of Ashoka's visit to Lumbini. The site was not known as Lumbini before the column was discovered.[11] The interpretation of Inscription reads:[12] "When King Devanampriya Priyadarsin had been blessed twenty years, he came himself and adored (this spot) in light of the fact that the Buddha Shakyamuni was brought into the world here. (He) both caused to be made a stone bearing a steed (?) and made a stone column be set up, (so as to appear) that the Blessed One was brought into the world here. (He) made the town of Lummini free of charges, and paying (just) an eighth portion (of the produce)." [13] The recreation center was recently known as Rupandehi, 2 mi (2 mi (3.2 km)) north of Bhagavanpura.
The Sutta Nipáta (versus 683) states that the Buddha was conceived in a town of the Sákyans in the Lumbineyya Janapada. The Buddha remained in Lumbinívana during his visit to Devadaha and there lectured the Devadaha Sutta.[14]
Pillar of Ashoka:
Additional data: Pillars of Ashoka
In 1896, General Khadga Samsher Rana and Alois Anton Führer found an extraordinary stone column at Rupandehi, as indicated by the critical authentic records made by the old Chinese priest pioneer Xuanzang in the seventh century CE and by another old Chinese priest traveler Faxian in the mid fifth century CE. The Brahmi engraving on the column gives proof that Ashoka, sovereign of the Maurya Empire, visited the spot in third century BCE and recognized it as the origin of the Buddha. The engraving was interpreted by Paranavitana:[15][note 1]
Rummindei column, engraving of Ashoka
Interpretation
(English) Transliteration
(unique Brahmi script) Inscription
(Prakrit in the Brahmi content)
When King Devanampriya Priyadarsin had been blessed twenty years, he came himself and adored (this spot) in light of the fact that the Buddha Shakyamuni was brought into the world here. (He) both caused to be made a stone bearing a steed (?) and made a stone column be set up, (so as to appear) that the Blessed One was brought into the world here. (He) made the town of Lummini free of assessments, and paying (just) an eighth portion (of the produce).
— The Rummindei Edict, one of the Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka.[18]
𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦 𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀤𑀲𑀺𑀦 𑀮𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀲𑀸𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀢𑁂𑀦
Devānaṃpiyena Piyadasina lājina vīsati-vasābhisitena
𑀅𑀢𑀦𑀆𑀕𑀸𑀘 𑀫𑀳𑀻𑀬𑀺𑀢𑁂 𑀳𑀺𑀤𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂𑀚𑀸𑀢 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀺𑀢𑀺
atana āgāca mahīyite hida Budhe jāte Sakyamuni ti
𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀕𑀥𑀪𑀺𑀘𑀸𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀸𑀧𑀺𑀢 𑀲𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀣𑀪𑁂𑀘 𑀉𑀲𑀧𑀸𑀧𑀺𑀢𑁂
silā vigaḍabhī cā kālāpita silā-thabhe ca usapāpite
𑀳𑀺𑀤𑀪𑀕𑀯𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀢𑀺 𑀮𑀼𑀁𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀺𑀕𑀸𑀫𑁂 𑀉𑀩𑀮𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀓𑀝𑁂
hida Bhagavaṃ jāte ti Luṃmini-gāme ubalike kaṭe
𑀅𑀞𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀘
aṭha-bhāgiye ca
— Adapted from transliteration by E. Hultzsch,[19]
Lumbini Rummindei column at time of disclosure in 1896, with area of the engraving, which was covered up around 1 meter under ground level.[20][21]
The mainstay of Ashoka.
The Ashoka engraving on the column today.
Scouring of the engraving.
The words Bu-dhe (𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂, the Buddha) and Sa-kya-mu-nī ( 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻, "Sage of the Shakyas") in Brahmi content.
Luṃmini Gāme (𑀮𑀼𑀁𑀫𑀺𑀦𑀺𑀕𑀸𑀫𑁂, "City of Lumbini") engraving in the Rummindei Edict of Ashoka.
At the highest point of the column, there is a second engraving by ruler Ripumalla (13-fourteenth century CE), who is additionally known from an engraving at the Nigali Sagar column:
Om mani padme murmur May Prince Ripu Malla be long triumphant
— Inscription of King Ripumalla on the Lumbini mainstay of Ashoka, (13-fourteenth century).[22]
A second mainstay of Ashoka is situated around 22 kilometers toward the northwest of Lumbini, the Nigali Sagar column (with engraving), and a third one 24 kilometers toward the west, the Gotihawa column (without engraving).
Unearthing at the Mayadevi Temple in 2013
Maya devi Temple
As per Robin Coningham, unearthings underneath existing block structures at the Mayadevi Temple at Lumbini give proof to a more seasoned timber structure underneath the dividers of a block Buddhist place of worship worked during the Ashokan time (third century BCE). The format of the Ashokan place of worship intently pursues that of the previous timber structure, which recommends a congruity of love at the site. The pre-Mauryan timber structure has all the earmarks of being an old tree sanctum. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the wooden postholes and optically invigorated iridescence dating of components in the dirt proposes human movement started at Lumbini around 1000 BCE.[23] The site, states Coningham, might be a Buddhist landmark from sixth century BCE. Different researchers express that the unearthings uncovered nothing that is Buddhist, and they just affirm that the site originates before the Buddha.[24][25]
Present-day:
Lumbini is 4.8 km (3 mi) long and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width. The blessed site of Lumbini is circumscribed by an enormous devout zone in which no one but religious communities can be fabricated, no shops, lodgings or eateries. It is isolated into an eastern and western ascetic zone, the eastern having the Theravadin religious communities, the western having Mahayana and Vajrayana cloisters. There is a long water filled trench isolating the western and eastern zones, with a progression of block curve spans joining the different sides along the length. The waterway is overhauled by basic deNepal's national bank has presented a 100-rupee Nepali note highlighting Lumbini, the origin of Buddha..
The blessed site of Lumbini has remnants of old cloisters, a holy Bodhi tree, an antiquated washing lake, the Ashokan column and the Mayadevi Temple, where the alleged spot of birth of Buddha is found. From early morning to early night, travelers from different nations perform reciting and reflection at the site.
A non-administrative association named Samriddhi Foundation began in 2013 working broadly in the field of training and wellbeing uniquely in government schools of the region where oppressed youngsters study. A non-legislative association called "Asia Pacific Exchange and Cooperation Foundation" (APECF) sponsored by executive of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and afterward Prime Minister Prachanda, the Chinese government and an UN bunch called "Joined Nations Industrial Development Organization" (UNIDO) marked an arrangement to form Lumbini into an "uncommon improvement zone" with reserves worth $3 billion.[26] The endeavor was a China-UN joint undertaking. A more extensive 'Lumbini Development National Director Committee' under the administration of Pushpa Kamal Dahal was shaped on 17 October 2011.[27] The six-part board of trustees included Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) pioneer Mangal Siddhi Manandhar, Nepali Congress pioneer Minendra Rijal, Forest Minister Mohammad Wakil Musalman, among different pioneers. The advisory group was given the power to "draft an end-all strategy to create Lumbini as a tranquil and the travel industry zone and table the proposition" and the duty to assemble global help for the same.[27]
Nipponzan Myohoji chose to fabricate a Peace Pagoda in the recreation center in 2001, which is visited by a wide range of societies and religions consistently.
Since certain Hindus see the Buddha as a manifestation of Vishnu, a huge number of Hindus have started to come here on journey during the full moon of the Nepali month of Baisakh (April–May) to adore Queen Mayadevi as Rupa Devi, the mother goddess of Lumbini.
Lumbini was conceded World Heritage status by UNESCO in 1997.[1][2]
On the Nepali rupee:
Nepal's national bank has presented a 100-rupee Nepali note including Lumbini, the origin of Buddha. The Nepal Rastra Bank said the new note would be available just during the Dashain, Nepal's significant celebration in the hour of September/October. It shows the picture of Mayadevi, Gautam Buddha's mom in silver metallic on the front. The note likewise has a dark speck which would enable the ignorant concerning perceive the note. The name of the national bank in Latin content would be imprinted on the note alongside the date of imprinting in both the Christian Era and the Bikram Era. The new note is being given after a bureau choice 27 August.[28]
Transport:
Lumbini is a 10-hour drive from Kathmandu and a 30-minute drive from Bhairahawa. The nearest air terminal is Gautam Buddha Airport at Bhairahawa, with flights to and from Kathmandu.[29]
The India bordertown of Sonauli in Maharajganj area is 1 hour drive from Lumbini and Nautanwa railroad station in India is only a couple of kilometers away. The closest large city is Gorakhpur, which is about 100km and is 4 hours drive from Lumbini.
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